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Dietary methods in cardiovascular disease critique.
1Division of Epidemiology, University of Minnesota.
Summary
NHANES III will use multiple dietary assessment methods, including 24-hour recalls and food frequency questionnaires, to study nutrient intake and chronic diseases like cardiovascular disease. This comprehensive approach aims to improve understanding of diet-disease relationships.
Area of Science:
- Nutrition Science
- Epidemiology
- Public Health
Background:
- The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) aims to investigate the complex relationship between nutrient intake and chronic diseases.
- Accurate dietary assessment is crucial for understanding diet-disease links, but presents methodological challenges due to intake variability and the need for historical data.
Purpose of the Study:
- To outline proposed dietary assessment methodologies for NHANES III to address various research questions on nutrient intake and cardiovascular disease.
- To ensure comparability with previous NHANES surveys while enhancing the ability to examine usual dietary intake and its relation to disease.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing a combination of dietary assessment methods, including 24-hour recalls for current intake assessment and food frequency questionnaires or food histories for usual/past intake.
- Considering the use of multiple, nonconsecutive dietary measures, potentially via telephone interviews, to improve individual classification and reduce variance.
- Exploring automated data collection techniques and enhancing the nutrient database, particularly for sodium, to support standardization and accuracy.
Main Results:
- The 24-hour recall method will be used for current intake assessment and comparability with prior NHANES data.
- Food frequency or history methods are proposed to capture usual or past intake, essential for elucidating nutrient-disease relationships, especially those with temporal considerations.
- Multiple dietary measures are recommended for accurate individual classification, with feasibility and cost considerations guiding the number of assessments.
Conclusions:
- NHANES III will employ a multi-method dietary assessment strategy to comprehensively evaluate nutrient intake in relation to cardiovascular disease and other health outcomes.
- The proposed methods, including multiple recalls and food frequency questionnaires, aim to provide robust data for understanding diet-disease associations.
- Standardization of methods and database enhancements are critical for the success of NHANES III's dietary data collection and analysis.