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Related Experiment Videos

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human milk.

H E Rudloff1, F C Schmalstieg, A A Mushtaha

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555.

Pediatric Research
|January 11, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is present in early human milk. This cytokine may impact infant immunity and maternal mammary glands.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Lactation Biology

Background:

  • Previous studies indicated biologic activities in human milk were inhibited by antibodies against tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).
  • The presence and source of TNF-alpha in human milk remained unconfirmed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To verify the presence and quantify TNF-alpha in early human milk.
  • To investigate the potential cellular origin of TNF-alpha in milk.

Main Methods:

  • Immunochemical techniques including radioimmunoassay (RIA), gel filtration, Western blotting, and Northern blotting.
  • Quantification using competitive RIA and assessment of TNF-alpha in milk leukocytes.

Main Results:

  • TNF-alpha was detected in human milk using RIA in molecular weight fractions of 80-195 kD.

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  • Concentrations of TNF-alpha in early milk were quantified at 620 +/- 183 pg/mL.
  • TNF-alpha RNA was found in milk leukocytes, but the protein was not significantly detected in these cells.

    • Conclusions:

    • TNF-alpha is present in early human milk at biologically relevant concentrations.
    • The precise origin of TNF-alpha in human milk requires further investigation.
    • This cytokine may have potential biological effects on the mother's mammary gland and the infant's immune system.