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Interstitial pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection
A Baskerville1, A D Ramsay, B J Addis
1Division of Pathology, Centre for Applied Microbiology and Research, Porton Down, Salisbury, Wiltshire, U.K.
The Journal of Pathology
|June 1, 1992
Summary
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus monkeys can cause interstitial pneumonia. This lung disease involves lymphocytic infiltration, with B cells and T cells accumulating in different lung tissues.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Pathology
- Immunology
- Primate Virology
Background:
- Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) is a lentivirus that infects non-human primates and serves as a model for studying human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
- Interstitial pneumonia is a significant complication in SIV-infected animals, impacting respiratory health and disease progression.
Purpose of the Study:
- To histopathologically characterize interstitial pneumonia in SIV-infected rhesus monkeys.
- To investigate the cellular composition of lymphoid infiltrates within the lungs of these animals.
Main Methods:
- Histopathological examination of lung tissues from SIV-infected rhesus monkeys.
- Immunohistochemical staining using antibodies for T cells, B cells, macrophages, and immunoglobulins.
Main Results:
- Interstitial pneumonia was observed in 5 of 25 SIV-infected rhesus monkeys.
- Lesions included lymphocytic infiltration of interalveolar septa and lymphoid tissue hyperplasia.
- Peribronchial and interstitial infiltrates were predominantly B cells, while perivascular masses were mainly T cells.
- One monkey had B-cell lymphoma with secondary lung nodules; another showed fibrosis and metaplasia.
- Pulmonary artery intimal proliferation and occlusive thrombi were noted in two animals.
Conclusions:
- SIV infection can induce interstitial pneumonia in rhesus monkeys, characterized by distinct B-cell and T-cell infiltrates.
- The observed lung pathology, including lymphoma and vascular changes, highlights the systemic impact of SIV infection.