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Different modifications by vanillin in cytotoxicity and genetic changes induced by EMS and H2O2 in cultured Chinese
Abstract:
The modifying effects of vanillin on the cytotoxicity and 6-thioguanine (6TG)-resistant mutations induced by two different types of chemical mutagens, ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), were examined using cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells. The effects of vanillin on H2O2-induced chromosome aberrations were also examined. Vanillin had a dose-dependent enhancing effect on EMS-induced cytotoxicity and 6TG-resistant mutations, when cells were simultaneously treated with vanillin. The post-treatment with vanillin during the mutation expression time of cells after treatment with EMS also showed an enhancement of the frequency of mutations induced by EMS. However, vanillin suppressed the cytotoxicity induced by H2O2 when cells were post-treated with vanillin after H2O2 treatment. Vanillin showed no change in the absence of activity of H2O2 to induce mutations. Post-treatment with vanillin also suppressed the chromosome aberrations induced by H2O2. The differential effects of vanillin were probably due to the quality of mutagen-induced DNA lesions and vanillin might influence at least two different kinds of cellular repair functions. The mechanisms by which vanillin enhances or suppresses chemical-induced cytotoxicity, mutations and chromosome aberrations are discussed.
Insights
Vanillin enhanced ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS)-induced cytotoxicity and mutations in V79 cells. However, vanillin suppressed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity and chromosome damage, suggesting differential effects on DNA repair.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
Background:
- Vanillin is a natural compound found in vanilla beans.
- Vanillin's biological activities are being explored for various applications.
- Its effects on cellular responses to mutagens are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the modifying effects of vanillin on chemical mutagen-induced cytotoxicity, mutations, and chromosome aberrations.
- To elucidate the differential impact of vanillin on DNA damage induced by ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
Main Methods:
- Cultured Chinese hamster V79 cells were used.
- Cells were treated with EMS or H2O2, with or without vanillin.
- Cytotoxicity, 6-thioguanine (6TG)-resistant mutations, and chromosome aberrations were assessed.
Main Results:
- Vanillin enhanced EMS-induced cytotoxicity and 6TG-resistant mutations in a dose-dependent manner.
- Vanillin post-treatment also enhanced EMS-induced mutations.
- Conversely, vanillin post-treatment suppressed H2O2-induced cytotoxicity and chromosome aberrations.
- Vanillin did not affect H2O2's mutagenicity in the absence of H2O2 activity.
Conclusions:
- Vanillin exhibits differential effects on chemical mutagen-induced cellular damage.
- These effects are likely dependent on the type of mutagen and the resulting DNA lesions.
- Vanillin may influence cellular repair mechanisms, leading to either enhancement or suppression of mutagenicity.