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Clinical evaluation of three anti-HCV ELISAs in patients with various liver diseases
1Third Department of Internal Medicine, Kumamoto University Medical School, Japan.
Insights
Researchers evaluated three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for detecting hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies in patients with liver disease. The KCL and JCC ELISAs demonstrated the highest reliability for diagnosing chronic non-A, non-B liver disease as type C.
Area of Science:
- Hepatology
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease.
- Accurate diagnostic tools are crucial for identifying HCV infection, particularly in non-A, non-B (NANB) liver disease cases.
- Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) are commonly used for antibody detection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the performance of three different ELISAs in detecting antibodies to HCV.
- To determine the most reliable ELISA methods for diagnosing chronic NANB liver disease as type C.
Main Methods:
- Antibodies to HCV were measured in 380 patients with various liver diseases using three ELISAs: HCV antibody ELISA test (C100), KCL-163 (KCL), and JCC.
- ELISA results were compared with the detection of serum HCV-RNA in cases of chronic NANB liver disease.
- Concordance rates between ELISAs and HCV-RNA detection were calculated.
Main Results:
- Among 233 cases of NANB liver disease, positivity rates were 63.9% for anti-C100, 69.1% for anti-KCL, and 79.8% for anti-JCC.
- Concordance with HCV-RNA detection was highest for JCC (94.8%) and KCL (86.4%), and all three ELISAs combined (95.3%).
- Overall, 85.4% of chronic NANB cases were identified as having HCV infection.
Conclusions:
- The KCL and JCC ELISAs are the most reliable assays for diagnosing chronic NANB liver disease as type C.
- These assays offer improved diagnostic accuracy for HCV infection in patients with non-A, non-B liver disease.
Abstract:
We measured antibodies to hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 380 patients with various liver diseases by three enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs): HCV antibody ELISA test (C100), KCL-163 (KCL) corresponding to the nonstructural protein of HCV, and JCC based on the translation product of the presumptive HCV core gene. Of 233 cases of non-A, non-B (NANB) liver disease, 63.9% were anti-C100 positive, 69.1% were anti-KCL positive, and 79.8% were anti-JCC positive. Detection of serum HCV-RNA in 213 cases of chronic NANB liver disease revealed that the concordance was 80.3% for C100, 86.4% for KCL, 94.8% for JCC, and 95.3% for all three ELISAs. Overall, 85.4% of chronic NANB cases were considered to have type C disease with HCV infection. The most reliable assays for diagnosing chronic NANB liver disease as type C appeared to be the KCL and JCC ELISAs.