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Surface marker expression in acute myeloid leukaemia at first relapse
X Thomas1, L Campos, E Archimbaud
1Service de Cryobiologie, Centre de Transfusion Sanguine, Lyon, France.
British Journal of Haematology
|May 1, 1992
Summary
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) surface markers change at relapse, showing less differentiation. This less differentiated AML phenotype at relapse indicates a poor prognosis, impacting survival rates.
Area of Science:
- Hematology
- Oncology
- Immunophenotyping
Background:
- Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous hematologic malignancy.
- Understanding immunophenotypic changes during AML progression is crucial for prognosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate changes in surface marker expression at first relapse in AML patients.
- To correlate these changes with clinical outcomes, including complete remission (CR) rates and survival.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of surface markers (CD13, CD14, CD15, CD33, CD34) using monoclonal antibodies in 66 AML cases at diagnosis and first relapse.
- Comparison of antigen expression levels between diagnosis and relapse.
- Multivariate analysis to assess the prognostic significance of marker expression.
Main Results:
- Increased expression of CD33 and CD34, and decreased expression of CD13 and CD15 observed at relapse compared to diagnosis.
- CD13 and CD33 expression changes were more prominent in granulocytic AML.
- CD14 and CD34 were significantly higher in monocytic AML at relapse.
- CD34 expression correlated with lower CR rates and shorter survival, while CD15 expression correlated with longer survival.
Conclusions:
- AML tends to relapse with a less differentiated phenotype than at initial diagnosis.
- A less differentiated phenotype at first relapse is associated with a poor prognosis, similar to observations at diagnosis.