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Prostate cancer screening.

R G Roetzheim1, A H Herold

  • 1Department of Family Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa.

Primary Care
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

No current prostate cancer screening test definitively reduces mortality. Newer methods like transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests may lead to overdiagnosis and harm, warranting experimental consideration.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Digital rectal exam (DRE) is a traditional prostate cancer screening method.
  • DRE can also detect other conditions.
  • Newer screening modalities include transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of prostate cancer screening tests in reducing mortality.
  • To assess the risks and benefits of newer screening modalities compared to traditional methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing evidence on prostate cancer screening tests.
  • Analysis of the accuracy and potential harms of DRE, TRUS, and PSA tests.

Main Results:

  • No screening test has been conclusively proven to reduce prostate cancer mortality.
  • TRUS and PSA tests can detect nonpalpable prostate cancer but yield numerous false-positives.
  • The impact of TRUS and PSA on prostate cancer mortality and patient harm remains unknown.

Conclusions:

  • Routine screening of asymptomatic men with newer modalities (TRUS, PSA) should be considered experimental.
  • Potential harms and high costs associated with newer screening methods necessitate caution.
  • Further research is required to establish the efficacy and safety of prostate cancer screening.

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