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The complement system in human reproduction
O A Vanderpuye1, C A Labarrere, J A McIntyre
1Center for Reproduction and Transplantation Immunology, Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Inc., Indianapolis.
Summary
Reproductive tissues uniquely manage allogeneic interactions, requiring complement regulators like membrane cofactor protein (MCP) and decay accelerating factor (DAF) to prevent damage and ensure success.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Reproductive Biology
Background:
- Reproductive tissues naturally engage in allogeneic interactions, necessitating mechanisms to prevent complement-mediated damage.
- Allogeneic extraembryonic membranes and semen must avoid complement attack for successful reproduction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of complement system regulators in reproductive allogeneic interactions.
- To identify areas for further research on complement regulation in reproduction.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on complement system components and regulators in reproductive tissues.
- Analysis of the expression and function of complement regulatory proteins (MCP, DAF, CD59) in reproductive contexts.
Main Results:
- Membrane glycoproteins (MCP, DAF, CD59) are expressed on trophoblast and amniotic epithelium, protecting against complement damage.
- Reproductive tract fluids generally have lower complement levels than blood, with hormonal regulation of C3 in endometrium and cervix.
- Oocytes lack MCP; sperm express MCP and DAF in specific regions. Seminal plasma contains MCP and SP-40,40, but not DAF.
Conclusions:
- Complement regulators are crucial for safeguarding reproductive tissues from immune attack.
- The distribution and potential alternative functions of complement regulators in reproductive fluids and cells warrant further investigation.