Vascular response to fractionated irradiation in the rat lung

The effects of fractionated hemithorax irradiation on normal lung tissue were examined by measuring changes in the vascular permeability surface area product (PS) and relative lung blood flow in Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats received five daily fractions per week of either 3.0 or 4.0 Gy for 4 weeks to the left lung. Between 3 and 5 weeks after the start of irradiation, the average PS was approximately 50% above normal for the group of rats that received 3.0 Gy/day and 200-300% above normal in the group of rats that received 4.0 Gy/day. Treatment with cyproheptadine, indomethacin, or theophylline had no effect, but treatment with dexamethasone significantly reduced PS to near normal levels. Left-to-right blood flow ratios in the group of rats that received 3.0 Gy/day decreased to 66% of normal levels by 4 weeks. In the group of rats that received 4.0 Gy/day, blood flow decreased to 46% of normal levels by 4 weeks. Treatment with dexamethasone maintained normal blood flow until the drug dose was reduced. These results agree with earlier studies using single-dose irradiation and indicate that the methods used to measure PS and blood flow are sensitive at low doses.