Instrumentation for laparoscopic tubal sterilization

The numbers and results of laparoscopic tubal sterilizations performed between 1971 and 1975 show widespread public and professional acceptance of this operation. The need for safe and effective laparoscopic equipment led to the development of three types of sterilization viewing systems: the viewing laparoscope, the operating laparoscope, and the needlescope. A number of operative procedures have been developed. The instruments currently being used for tubal destruction via electrocoagulation and endocoagulation are described. Advances in externally applied mechanical occlusive devices are also mentioned. Experimental work with intraluminal stents is noted. The criteria that must be met to ensure worldwide acceptance of these operations are discussed.