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Modulation of plasma triglyceride levels by apoE phenotype: a meta-analysis.
J Dallongeville1, S Lussier-Cacan, J Davignon
1Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research Group, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Journal of Lipid Research
|April 1, 1992
Summary
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) phenotype influences plasma lipid levels. ApoE epsilon 2 and epsilon 4 alleles are linked to lower and higher cholesterol, respectively, with consistent triglyceride changes across populations.
Area of Science:
- Genetics and Molecular Biology
- Cardiovascular Disease Research
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Apolipoprotein E (apoE) plays a crucial role in lipid metabolism.
- Understanding the impact of different apoE phenotypes on plasma lipid profiles is essential for cardiovascular health.
- Existing research shows variations in lipid levels associated with apoE genotypes, but a comprehensive meta-analysis is needed.
Purpose of the Study:
- To meta-analyze the relationship between apoE phenotype and plasma lipid levels (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol).
- To investigate the consistency of these associations across diverse global populations and various health statuses.
Main Methods:
- Combined data from published studies involving 45 population samples across 17 countries.
- Compared plasma lipid values (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol) across apoE genotypes (2/2, 3/2, 4/3, 4/4, 4/2) against the apoE 3/3 control group.
- Calculated standardized differences (Z-scores) and weighted means for plasma lipid concentrations in each apoE subgroup.
Main Results:
- Subjects with apoE epsilon 2 alleles had lower plasma cholesterol (Z2/2 = -0.39, Z3/2 = -0.34).
- Subjects with apoE epsilon 4 alleles had higher plasma cholesterol (Z4/3 = 0.15, Z4/4 = 0.29).
- Plasma triglyceride levels were consistently higher across apoE 2/2, 3/2, 4/3, and 4/2 groups compared to apoE 3/3 (e.g., Z2/2 = 0.42).
- HDL-cholesterol was lower in the apoE 4/3 group (Z4/3 = -0.09) versus apoE 3/3.
- These associations were observed across normolipidemic, diabetic, obese, and hyperlipidemic individuals.
Conclusions:
- The apoE phenotype significantly and consistently influences plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels globally.
- The epsilon 2 allele is associated with lower cholesterol, while the epsilon 4 allele is linked to higher cholesterol.
- The observed relationships between apoE phenotype and lipid profiles are ubiquitous, impacting various populations and health conditions.