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Mycobacterium alvei sp. nov.

V Ausina1, M Luquin, M García Barceló

  • 1Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital de la Santa Cruz y San Pablo, Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Spain.

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

A new species, Mycobacterium alvei, is described based on its unique characteristics. This rapidly growing mycobacterium forms a distinct group, aiding in its classification within the Mycobacterium genus.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Mycobacterial Taxonomy

Background:

  • The genus Mycobacterium comprises diverse species with varying growth rates and characteristics.
  • Accurate classification of mycobacteria is crucial for understanding their ecological roles and potential pathogenicity.
  • Previous studies have identified numerous Mycobacterium species, but novel entities continue to emerge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a newly identified species of mycobacteria, designated Mycobacterium alvei.
  • To establish the taxonomic placement of Mycobacterium alvei within the genus Mycobacterium.
  • To characterize the phenotypic and genotypic features of this novel species.

Main Methods:

  • Phenotypic characterization including acid fastness and lipid analysis.

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  • Analysis of mycolate patterns and G + C content for taxonomic evaluation.
  • DNA relatedness studies (DNA hybridization and deltaTm values) to assess genetic similarity with other Mycobacterium species.

    • Main Results:

    • Six strains of Mycobacterium alvei were studied, exhibiting high internal phenotypic similarity (97 +/- 2.22%).
    • DNA relatedness studies confirmed M. alvei as a distinct group, showing <49% relatedness to 14 other Mycobacterium species.
    • Unique mycolic acid composition, including alpha-mycolic acids and a novel methoxy-containing mycolic acid, was identified.

    Conclusions:

    • Mycobacterium alvei is a validly described species characterized by rapid growth, nonphotochromogenicity, and distinct lipid profiles.
    • The genetic and phenotypic data support its inclusion in the genus Mycobacterium.
    • The novel mycolic acid structure represents a significant finding in mycobacterial lipid research.