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Occupational pigmented contact dermatitis from Naphthol AS.
Contact Dermatitis
|June 1, 1976
Summary
Contact sensitivity to Naphthol AS caused pigmented contact dermatitis in textile workers. Darker complexions showed more hyperpigmentation, while fair skin exhibited eczematous symptoms and pruritus.
Area of Science:
- Dermatology
- Occupational Health
- Toxicology
Background:
- Contact sensitivity to optical brighteners can cause hyperpigmentation.
- Previous reports exist, but a large-scale epidemic was observed in 1973.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate an epidemic of pigmented contact dermatitis in a textile mill.
- To identify the causative agent and its effects on workers.
Main Methods:
- Epidemiological field study involving 53 textile workers.
- Clinical examination for hyperpigmentation and pruritus.
- Patch testing with Naphthol AS (5% in water).
- Histopathological examination of affected skin.
Main Results:
- 12 workers had spotted hyperpigmentation, 18 had lesser pigmentation, and 21 had minimal discoloration.
- Fair-skinned individuals showed reddish-brown pigmentation, pruritus, and eczematous symptoms.
- 24 out of 53 workers tested positive for Naphthol AS sensitivity.
- Histology revealed melanocyte proliferation, pigment incontinence, and basal layer damage.
Conclusions:
- Naphthol AS, a component in drill fabric manufacturing, was the cause of pigmented contact dermatitis.
- The severity and presentation of symptoms varied with skin complexion.
- Patch testing confirmed Naphthol AS as the allergen responsible for the outbreak.