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Related Concept Videos

Gene Conversion02:08

Gene Conversion

Other than maintaining genome stability via DNA repair, homologous recombination plays an important role in diversifying the genome. In fact, the recombination of sequences forms the molecular basis of genomic evolution. Random and non-random permutations of genomic sequences create a library of new amalgamated sequences. These newly formed genomes can determine the fitness and survival of cells. In bacteria, homologous and non-homologous types of recombination lead to the evolution of new...
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Conversion of Units

Sometimes, there is a need to convert from one unit to another one. For instance, reading a cookbook in which quantities are expressed in units of liters or ounces may require conversion of quantities to cups. Or, when looking up directions on how to get to a location, we may be interested to know how many miles we are going to walk. In this case, we would have to convert units of feet or meters to miles.
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Radical Formation: Abstraction00:47

Radical Formation: Abstraction

The electron of an atom can be abstracted from a compound by a relatively unstable radical to generate a new radical of relatively greater stability. For example, an initiator which forms radicals by homolysis can abstract a suitable species like a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom from a compound to generate a new radical. This ability of radicals to propagate by abstraction is a crucial feature of radical chain reactions.
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Gene Conversion02:08

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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early years,...
Psychosurgery01:30

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Prognosis of symptoms that are medically unexplained. Clinical guidelines are needed.

BMJ (Clinical research ed.)·1998
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Ten-year prognosis of conversion disorder.

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Reversible cognitive impairment related to conversion disorder.

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Epilepsy and schizophrenia.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 12, 2026

Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
06:42

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Published on: September 28, 2018

Hysterical conversion. I: A history.

C J Mace

    The British Journal of Psychiatry : the Journal of Mental Science
    |September 1, 1992
    PubMed
    Summary

    The concept of hysterical conversion predates Freud, with his theory being an independent synthesis of 19th-century medical thought. Modern psychiatric use of conversion differs from Freud's original concept.

    Area of Science:

    • Psychiatry
    • Medical History
    • Neurology

    Background:

    • The term 'hysterical conversion' emerged a century prior to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theories.
    • Early attempts focused on rationalizing the nosological status of hysteria, a complex and often misunderstood condition.

    Observation:

    • Freud's concept of 'conversion' was developed independently, synthesizing existing 19th-century medical perspectives on hysteria.
    • This historical context highlights the evolution of understanding psychological distress manifesting as physical symptoms.

    Findings:

    • Subsequent psychoanalytic interpretations of 'conversion' have diverged from Freud's original formulation.
    • This divergence has influenced how hysterical syndromes are described in contemporary mainstream psychiatry.

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    Last Updated: Jul 12, 2026

    Continuous Theta Burst Stimulation of the Posterior Medial Frontal Cortex to Experimentally Reduce Ideological Threat Responses
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    Implications:

    • Understanding the historical trajectory of 'conversion' is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment of hysterical syndromes.
    • Clarifying the distinction between Freud's concept and later interpretations may refine psychiatric nosology.
    • Further research into the historical evolution of psychiatric terminology can improve clinical practice and patient understanding.