[Reference values of QRS-complex amplitude parameters in computer evaluation of Frank's orthogonal electrocardiogram]

In 123 healthy subjects (54 women and 69 men) in the age range from 7 to 72 years the x, y, z coordinates were determined along with the magnitude of instantaneous spatial QRS vectors of the orthogonal electrocardiogram according to Frank, and that in 10 ms intervals from the beginning of the QRS complex and eighths of the duration of QRS. The values of these parameters were computed by means of Pipberger's VAH program implemented in the computer SM3-20. The results are presented as means, standard error of means, median, interpercentile interval (2 to 98 percentile) and confidence intervals.