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Perinatal viral infections.

K Ueda1, K Tokugawa, K Kusuhara

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.

Early Human Development
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Rubella epidemics in Japan showed regional prevalence differences, linked to maternal antibody rates. Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) transmission from mother to child was confirmed in Okinawa.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Rubella epidemics occurred in Japan between 1964-1969 and 1975-1979.
  • Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevalence varied regionally, with higher rates in southwestern Japan.
  • Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is linked to adult T-cell leukemia and primarily transmitted mother-to-child via breast milk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the occurrence and regional prevalence of rubella and HTLV-1 in Japan.
  • To analyze the relationship between maternal rubella infection timing and congenital defects.
  • To determine the prevalence and mother-to-child transmission rate of HTLV-1 in Okinawa.

Main Methods:

  • Epidemiological analysis of rubella epidemic data in Japan.

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  • Correlation of rubella infection timing during gestation with specific congenital abnormalities (cataract, heart disease, deafness).
  • Serological testing for HTLV-1 antibodies in mother-child pairs in Okinawa.

    • Main Results:

    • Rubella prevalence was lower in northeastern Japan and higher in southwestern Japan, including Okinawa, potentially due to lower rubella antibody rates in females.
    • Maternal rubella infection occurred at specific gestational ages for different congenital defects.
    • In Okinawa, 20.9% of mothers and 3.2% of children were seropositive for HTLV-1, with 15.4% of seropositive mothers having seropositive children who acquired antibodies by age 3.

    Conclusions:

    • Regional variations in rubella prevalence in Japan are associated with maternal antibody levels.
    • HTLV-1 is prevalent in Okinawa, with significant mother-to-child transmission observed.
    • Understanding these viral transmissions is crucial for public health strategies in Japan.