Entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus

Area of Science:

• Medical Mycology
• Infectious Diseases
• Pathogen Biology

Background:

• Entomophthoromycosis is a granulomatous infection caused by Conidiobolus coronatus.
• It typically originates in the nasal turbinate and spreads to facial and sinus tissues.
• Cases are predominantly reported from West African rainforest regions, affecting agricultural and outdoor workers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the clinical and pathological features of entomophthoromycosis.
• To highlight the etiological agents and their geographical distribution.
• To discuss diagnostic and therapeutic approaches and suggest future research directions.

Main Methods:

• Review of clinical cases and literature.
• Histopathological examination of infected tissues.
• In vitro studies on fungal enzymes and antigen preparation.

Main Results:

• Conidiobolus coronatus is the primary agent, with Conidiobolus incongruus being a rare cause.
• The fungus produces enzymes like elastase and lipase, potentially contributing to pathogenicity.
• Histology shows characteristic hyphae with eosinophilic sheaths within giant cells.

Conclusions:

• Entomophthoromycosis is a distinct fungal infection with specific clinical and histological features.
• Immunodiagnosis using fungal antigens and various antifungal drugs show variable success.
• Further research on disease immunology and the role of fungal enzymes is warranted.