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Related Experiment Videos

Maternal diabetes: the risk for specific birth defects.

M A Ramos-Arroyo1, E Rodriguez-Pinilla, J F Cordero

  • 1Servicio de Genetica, Hospital Virgen del Camino, Pamplona, Navarra, Spain.

European Journal of Epidemiology
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Maternal diabetes, especially when treated with insulin, significantly increases infant risk for major birth defects, including central nervous system, skeletal, and cardiovascular malformations.

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Area of Science:

  • Perinatal epidemiology
  • Congenital malformations research
  • Maternal health studies

Background:

  • Gestational diabetes and chronic diabetes in mothers pose risks to fetal development.
  • Previous studies indicate a link between maternal diabetes and birth defects, but specific risks require further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal diabetes (gestational and chronic) and the risk of specific congenital malformations in infants.
  • To quantify the risk of birth defects in infants born to mothers with insulin-treated versus non-insulin-treated diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Spanish Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations (ECEMC) from 1976-1985.
  • Analyzed 10,087 infants with malformations and 9,994 control infants.

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  • Calculated crude odds ratios to assess the risk of defects in infants of diabetic mothers.

    • Main Results:

    • Infants of insulin-treated diabetic mothers had a 5.5-fold increased risk for any defect and an 8.7-fold risk for major malformations.
    • Significantly increased risks were observed for central nervous system, skeletal, and cardiovascular defects.
    • Infants of non-insulin-treated diabetic mothers had a 2.9-fold increased risk for major congenital birth defects.

    Conclusions:

    • Maternal insulin-treated diabetes is associated with a substantially elevated risk of congenital malformations, particularly affecting the CNS, cardiovascular, and skeletal systems.
    • Gestational diabetes requiring insulin treatment also showed an increased risk for major and minor birth defects.
    • These findings underscore the importance of glycemic control in diabetic pregnancies to mitigate risks of birth defects.