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Related Experiment Videos

Typhoid fever in the Neapolitan area: a case-control study.

T Stroffolini1, G Manzillo, R De Sena

  • 1Laboratorio di Epidemiologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

European Journal of Epidemiology
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Consuming raw shellfish significantly increases typhoid fever risk in Naples. This finding highlights the role of hazardous dietary habits and poor sanitation in the disease

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Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Typhoid fever is endemic in the Neapolitan area, with incidence rates exceeding national averages.
  • Understanding local risk factors is crucial for disease control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors for typhoid fever in the Neapolitan area.
  • To inform public health interventions for disease prevention.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study was conducted from January to June 1990.
  • 51 typhoid fever cases were compared with 102 matched controls.
  • Data collected on dietary habits and other potential exposures.

Main Results:

  • Consumption of raw shellfish was a significant risk factor (76.5% of cases vs. 19.6% of controls).

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  • Eating raw shellfish conferred a 13.3-fold increased risk of contracting typhoid fever.
  • No increased risk was associated with cooked shellfish, raw vegetables, ice-cream, non-potable water, or unpasteurized milk.

    • Conclusions:

    • Hazardous dietary habits, specifically raw shellfish consumption, are a major driver of typhoid fever endemicity in Naples.
    • Inadequate sewage treatment and poor sanitation in shellfish harvesting/marketing contribute significantly to disease transmission.
    • Targeted interventions addressing food safety and sanitation are essential for typhoid fever control in the region.