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Typhoid Vi: a less reactogenic vaccine.

N S Cumberland1, J St Clair Roberts, W S Arnold

  • 1Queen Elizabeth Military Hospital, London, UK.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The new typhoid Vi capsular polysaccharide (CPS) vaccine shows fewer local and systemic adverse reactions compared to the traditional heat-killed whole-cell typhoid vaccine. This finding suggests improved safety for the Vi CPS typhoid vaccine.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Typhoid fever remains a significant global health concern, necessitating effective vaccination strategies.
  • Traditional heat-killed whole-cell typhoid vaccines are associated with notable local and systemic adverse reactions.
  • The development of safer and more targeted typhoid vaccines is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the safety and tolerability of a typhoid vaccine derived from purified Vi capsular polysaccharide (CPS) antigen against a heat-killed whole-cell typhoid vaccine.
  • To evaluate local and systemic adverse reactions following immunization with Vi CPS and whole-cell typhoid vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized controlled trial involving 637 healthy male volunteers.

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  • Three groups were established: one receiving two doses of whole-cell vaccine, and two receiving a single dose of Vi CPS vaccine with a placebo.
  • Adverse reactions were systematically recorded for 5 days post-injection.

    • Main Results:

    • The typhoid Vi CPS vaccine group reported significantly fewer local adverse reactions compared to the whole-cell vaccine group (18.6% vs. 59.7% on day 1, P < 0.001).
    • Systemic reactions were also less frequent in the Vi CPS vaccine recipients (3.4% vs. 7.9% on day 1, P < 0.01).

    Conclusions:

    • The typhoid Vi CPS vaccine demonstrates a superior safety profile with reduced local and systemic adverse reactions compared to the heat-killed whole-cell vaccine.
    • The Vi CPS vaccine represents a potentially safer alternative for typhoid fever prevention.