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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes

A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes

Published on: June 10, 2022

Antioxidant potential of ferulic acid.

¹Technology Center, Tastemaker, Cincinnati, OH 45216.

Free Radical Biology & Medicine

|October 1, 1992

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Ferulic acid, a plant compound, acts as a potent antioxidant by forming stable radicals that neutralize harmful free radicals. This protects cells from oxidative damage caused by UV radiation and has applications in food and skincare.

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

A Generalized Method for Determining Free Soluble Phenolic Acid Composition and Antioxidant Capacity of Cereals and Legumes

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Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants for Cosmetic Applications Using Polyol-Based Technology

Published on: August 23, 2024

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Plant Science
Antioxidant Research

Background:

Ferulic acid is a common plant metabolite derived from phenylalanine and tyrosine.
It exists freely or bound to biopolymers in seeds and leaves.
Its chemical structure facilitates the formation of stable phenoxy radicals.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the antioxidant mechanisms of ferulic acid.
To explore its potential applications in photoprotection and food preservation.
To investigate its role in mitigating oxidative stress and inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

Analysis of ferulic acid's chemical structure and radical formation.
Assessment of its UV absorption properties and radical scavenging capabilities.
Evaluation of its efficacy in preventing lipid peroxidation and oxidative damage.

Main Results:

Ferulic acid readily forms resonance-stabilized phenoxy radicals upon UV exposure.
These radicals effectively terminate free radical chain reactions.
Ferulic acid demonstrates significant antioxidant activity, scavenging deleterious radicals and suppressing oxidative reactions.

Conclusions:

Ferulic acid possesses potent antioxidant and photoprotective properties due to its radical-scavenging ability.
It can preserve cellular integrity against UV radiation and air exposure.
Applications include skincare, food preservation, and potentially treating inflammatory diseases.