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Coccidioidomycosis in horses: 15 cases (1975-1984).

E L Ziemer1, D Pappagianis, J E Madigan

  • 1Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis 95616.

Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association
|September 15, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Equine coccidioidomycosis, a fungal infection, commonly presents as chronic weight loss and respiratory issues in horses from California and Arizona. Diagnosis often relies on serologic tests, with limited treatment success and frequent euthanasia.

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Mycology
  • Equine Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Coccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal disease caused by Coccidioides immitis.
  • Equine cases are less common but can present with significant clinical signs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively analyze confirmed cases of equine coccidioidomycosis in California and Arizona.
  • To describe clinical presentations, diagnostic findings, treatment outcomes, and postmortem lesions.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of 15 confirmed equine coccidioidomycosis cases.
  • Analysis of historical data, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic results, diagnostic tests (serology, culture), and necropsy findings.

Main Results:

  • Common signs included chronic weight loss and cough; respiratory abnormalities were frequent.

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  • Consistent findings were hyperproteinemia, hyperfibrinogenemia, leukocytosis, and neutrophilia.
  • Antemortem diagnosis was achieved in 73% of cases via serology; C. immitis was identified microscopically in 83% of postmortem examinations.

    • Conclusions:

    • Equine coccidioidomycosis presents with diverse clinical signs and consistent hematologic abnormalities.
    • Diagnosis is often achieved through serology, but treatment is challenging, with high mortality or euthanasia rates.
    • Granulomatous or pyogranulomatous lesions are characteristic, affecting lungs, thoracic lymph nodes, liver, and bone.