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Screening sigmoidoscopy and colorectal cancer mortality.
P A Newcomb1, R G Norfleet, B E Storer
1University of Wisconsin Comprehensive Cancer Center, Madison 53706.
Journal of the National Cancer Institute
|October 21, 1992
Summary
Screening sigmoidoscopy may significantly lower colorectal cancer deaths, particularly for cancers in the rectum and distal colon. This study suggests its effectiveness in reducing mortality from these specific cancers.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Oncology
- Preventive Medicine
Background:
- Sigmoidoscopy aids in detecting colorectal cancers and precancerous lesions.
- Limited evidence exists on sigmoidoscopy's efficacy as a screening tool for colorectal cancer mortality reduction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between sigmoidoscopy screening and colorectal cancer mortality.
- To address the lack of randomized controlled trial data through a retrospective case-control study.
Main Methods:
- A retrospective case-control study was conducted.
- Medical records of 66 colorectal cancer decedents (cases) and 196 controls were analyzed.
- Screening history for colorectal cancer was assessed.
Main Results:
- Sigmoidoscopy screening history was less common in cancer decedents (10%) than controls (30%).
- Screening sigmoidoscopy was associated with a reduced risk of colorectal cancer death (OR=0.21).
- Risk reduction was observed for rectal and distal colon tumors; other screening methods showed no association.
Conclusions:
- Screening sigmoidoscopy appears to substantially reduce mortality from rectal and distal colon cancers.
- The findings support the use of sigmoidoscopy for targeted colorectal cancer screening.