A monoclonal antibody (1G10) recognizes a novel human mesangial antigen

We have identified a unique mesangial matrix protein of the human glomerulus by using a monoclonal antibody, 1G10, generated against culture human glomerular cells. By immunofluorescence, the antigen recognized by 1G10 (1G10 antigen) is present in mesangium and smooth muscle tissue and cannot be detected in any other tissue examined. Immunoelectron microscopy of glomeruli indicated that 1G10 antigen is present exclusively in the mesangial matrix at the endothelial-mesangial interface. The 1G10 antigen is also expressed by cultured mesangial cells, but not by cultured glomerular epithelial cells, umbilical endothelial cells or fibroblasts. 1G10 did not react with the mesangial matrix proteins [fibronectin (FN), laminin (LAM), collagen types I, III, IV, V, and VI (Col I, III, IV, V, VI), heparin sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), or thrombospondin (TS)] present under normal and diseased states or smooth muscle antigens (myosin, actin), but did react with a 4 M urea extract of renal cortex and a 0.3% deoxycholate extract of isolated glomeruli. Two dimensional immunoblot analysis using the urea extract demonstrated the binding of 1G10 to an approximately 200 KDa polypeptide with pI 6.0. On one dimensional immunoblot this band did not show cross react with polyclonal antisera to FN, LAM, Col IV, V, VI, HSPG or TS. This mesangial matrix component is trypsin and periodate sensitive, suggesting that it has the character of glycoprotein. In renal biopsy specimens from patients with mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) and membranoproliferative GN, the expression of the 1G10 antigen increased along with mesangial hypercellularity or increased accumulation of mesangial matrix, but decreased in completely sclerosed glomeruli. No significant changes in 1G10 antigen expression was observed in membranous GN or minimal change nephrosis compared to normal glomeruli. This study suggests that the 1G10 antigen may not only be a useful marker for the clinical assessment of GN, but may also serve as a potential tool for the study of the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases characterized by cellular proliferation and mesangial matrix expansion.