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PLASMA VOLUME EXPANSION BY RAPID INFUSION OF A LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT DEXTRAN.
British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy
|October 1, 1963
Summary
Large infusions of dextran (a plasma volume expander) initially doubled plasma volume in dogs. However, plasma volume decreased rapidly, faster than dextran levels, indicating complex distribution and elimination dynamics.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Physiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Dextran solutions are utilized as plasma volume expanders.
- Understanding the pharmacokinetic behavior of dextran is crucial for its clinical application.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the acute plasma volume expansion and subsequent distribution of dextran (40,000 MW) in a canine model.
- To characterize the elimination kinetics and extravascular sequestration of infused dextran.
Main Methods:
- Administration of large volume (10% solution) dextran (40,000 MW) over 3 minutes in dogs.
- Monitoring of plasma volume, dextran concentration, and protein concentration over time.
- Quantification of renal excretion and distribution of dextran at 5-6 hours post-infusion.
Main Results:
- Initial plasma volume expansion was approximately double the injected dextran volume.
- Plasma volume decreased with a half-life of ~2 hours, faster than dextran concentration (half-life ~4.5 hours).
- Renal excretion accounted for 40% of dextran, 20% remained intravascular, and 40% was extravascular at 5-6 hours.
Conclusions:
- Dextran induces significant initial plasma volume expansion followed by rapid volume decrease.
- Plasma volume dynamics are not solely dependent on dextran concentration, suggesting complex physiological interactions.
- A substantial portion of dextran distributes into the extravascular space and is eliminated via renal excretion.