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Two FMRFamide-like peptides from the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus
T G Geary1, D A Price, J W Bowman
1Upjohn Company, Kalamazoo, MI 49001.
Abstract:
Peptides of the FXRFamide family, where X = M, I or L, are broadly distributed among invertebrates. Two such peptides were purified and sequenced from the free-living nematode, Panagrellus redivivus. Immunohistochemical techniques localized FMRFamide-like material in several regions of these organisms, including the nerve cords and, most prominently, in paired groups of cells located caudally to the base of the pharynx. RIA determinations gave an estimate of 2.8 nmol immunoreactive peptide/g of an acetone extract of P. redivivus. Four sequential HPLC purification steps, followed by sequencing by automated Edman degradation and FAB-MS, led to the identification of Ser-Asp-Pro-Asn-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-amide (SDPNFLRFamide) and Ser-Ala-Asp-Pro-Asn-Phe-Leu-Arg-Phe-amide (SADPNFLRFamide) as members of the FXRFamide family in this nematode.
Insights
Researchers identified two novel FMRFamide-like peptides in the nematode Panagrellus redivivus. These findings expand our understanding of neuropeptide distribution in invertebrates.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Invertebrate Biology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- FXRFamide peptides are widely found in invertebrates.
- These neuropeptides play crucial roles in regulating various physiological processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify and characterize FXRFamide peptides in the free-living nematode Panagrellus redivivus.
- To investigate the distribution of FMRFamide-like material within the organism.
Main Methods:
- Purification and sequencing of peptides using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and automated Edman degradation.
- Mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) for peptide identification.
- Immunohistochemistry for localizing neuropeptides.
- Radioimmunoassay (RIA) for quantifying peptide levels.
Main Results:
- Two novel FXRFamide peptides, SDPNFLRFamide and SADPNFLRFamide, were identified in P. redivivus.
- FMRFamide-like immunoreactivity was detected in nerve cords and specific caudal cell groups.
- RIA estimated 2.8 nmol of immunoreactive peptide per gram of extract.
Conclusions:
- The study confirms the presence of FXRFamide peptides in P. redivivus, expanding the known repertoire of neuropeptides in nematodes.
- The identified peptides and their localization provide insights into the neurobiology of this model organism.