Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2026

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation
06:15

Murine Intrapulmonary Tracheal Transplantation: A Model for Investigating Obliterative Airway Disease After Lung Transplantation

Published on: November 10, 2023

MYXOVIRUSES ASSOCIATED WITH ACUTE LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS IN TORONTO, 1962-63

D M MCLEAN, R D BACH, R P LARKE

    Canadian Medical Association Journal
    |December 21, 1963
    PubMed

    Insights

    Parainfluenza-1 virus was the most common cause of croup (tracheitis) in young children in Toronto between 1960 and 1963. Influenza A2 also caused significant outbreaks during this period.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatrics
    • Virology
    • Infectious Diseases

    Background:

    • Acute laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) is a common respiratory illness in young children.
    • Myxoviruses, including parainfluenza and influenza viruses, are known respiratory pathogens.
    • Understanding the specific viral agents causing croup is crucial for public health management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify the viral etiologies of acute laryngotracheobronchitis in children admitted to The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto.
    • To determine the prevalence and seasonality of myxovirus infections, particularly Parainfluenza-1 and Influenza A2, in relation to croup.

    Main Methods:

    • Prospective collection of nasopharyngeal secretions from children diagnosed with acute laryngotracheobronchitis.
    • Isolation and identification of myxoviruses (Parainfluenza-1, Parainfluenza-3, Influenza A2, Influenza B) using viral culture techniques.
    • Correlation of viral isolations with patient demographics and seasonal disease patterns.

    Main Results:

    • Myxoviruses were isolated from 40.5% of children with croup between November 1962 and March 1963.
    • Parainfluenza-1 virus was the dominant serotype, identified in 30.0% of all tracheitis patients studied between November 1960 and March 1963.
    • Influenza A2 caused an epidemic in March 1963, and was isolated from tracheitis patients during influenza epidemics.

    Conclusions:

    • Parainfluenza-1 virus is a significant and persistent cause of croup in young children.
    • Influenza A2 and other influenza strains can cause croup during seasonal epidemics.
    • Ongoing surveillance of respiratory viruses is essential for understanding and managing pediatric respiratory infections.

    Keywords:
    ANTIBODIESCANADACHILDEPIDEMIOLOGYINFANTINFLUENZA VIRUSESLARYNGITISMYXOVIRUS INFECTIONSPARA-INFLUENZA VIRUSESTRACHEITIS

    More Related Videos

    Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses10:10

    Experimental Infection with Listeria monocytogenes as a Model for Studying Host Interferon-γ Responses

    Published on: November 16, 2016

    An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection09:01

    An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection

    Published on: December 10, 2013

    Related Concept Videos

    Acute Pharyngitis01:30

    Acute Pharyngitis

    Introduction
    Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
    Classification
    Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
    Chronic Pharyngitis01:23

    Chronic Pharyngitis

    Chronic pharyngitis refers to persistent inflammation of the pharyngial mucosa.
    Etiology
    It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
    Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
    Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease01:29

    Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease

    Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a widespread pathogen that primarily targets infants and young children but also poses a serious health risk to elderly and immunocompromised individuals. Belonging to the Pneumoviridae family, RSV is a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus within the Pneumovirus genus. Its global health burden is significant, with millions of cases annually resulting in hospitalizations and mortality, particularly in resource-limited settings. Although most...
    Viral Meningitis01:18

    Viral Meningitis

    Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
    Diphtheria01:28

    Diphtheria

    Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...
    Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

    Arboviral Encephalitis

    Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...