Neocarzinostatin (NSC 157365) a new cancerostatic compound
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Abstract:
Neocarzinostatin is a new anticancer drug developed by Japanese investigators. In order to delineate the potential usefulness of this drug, we have reviewed the preclinical data and summarized the Japanese clinical data on 462 patients. The bulk of these patients had carcinoma of the stomach or pancreas and acute leukemia. Neocarzinostatin was administered intravenously in a daily dose of 2-3 mg for five to 15 day periods. Significant antitumor activity was observed in acute leukemia. A few responses were also reported in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, but the drug was inactive against gastric carcinoma. The side effects observed included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, fever, and occasional hypersensitivity reactions. The Investigational Drug Branch of the National Cancer Institute has recently sponsored an investigational new drug application with the Food and Drug Administration, and phase I studies are expected to begin soon in the United States.
Insights
Neocarzinostatin shows significant antitumor activity in acute leukemia patients. While effective in some pancreatic cancer cases, it was inactive against gastric carcinoma, with side effects including nausea and myelosuppression.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Neocarzinostatin is an anticancer agent developed in Japan.
- Preclinical and clinical data were reviewed to assess its efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential usefulness of Neocarzinostatin.
- To summarize Japanese clinical data on 462 patients.
Main Methods:
- Intravenous administration of Neocarzinostatin at 2-3 mg daily for 5-15 days.
- Review of preclinical data and summary of clinical outcomes in patients with gastric carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and acute leukemia.
Main Results:
- Significant antitumor activity observed in acute leukemia.
- Some responses noted in pancreatic adenocarcinoma; no activity against gastric carcinoma.
- Common side effects included nausea, vomiting, myelosuppression, fever, and hypersensitivity reactions.
Conclusions:
- Neocarzinostatin demonstrates efficacy in acute leukemia and limited efficacy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
- Further investigation, including US-based Phase I studies, is warranted.