[Constrictive pericarditis in severe seronegative rheumatoid polyarthritis]

Constrictive pericarditis is a rare complication of rheumatoid arthritis, with 78 published cases. We report a new typical case where the pericardial disease was associated with a severe seronegative rheumatoid arthritis of 17 years duration. Constrictive pericarditis generally occurs in men (62.8% of all cases) aged 52.4 +/- 11.5 years. Its clinical features are identical with those of constrictive pericarditis due to other causes. Diagnosis rests on echocardiography and, chiefly, on right heart catheterization. The arthritis is seropositive in 85.7% of the cases, frequently nodular (75%) and advanced. There is no relation between its duration (mean: 9.6 +/- 7.4 years) and the occurrence of the pericardial pathology. The pericardial fluid has no specific abnormality. Histology shows fibrosis and a non-specific inflammatory cell infiltrate. Immunoglobulin and complement deposits in the walls of the pericardial vessels are detected by immunofluorescence. The only treatment is pericardiectomy; without it the disease is constantly lethal.