Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Issues in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening programs.

X M Tu1, E Litvak, M Pagano

  • 1Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|July 15, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Regression-based Modeling of Spearman's Rho for Longitudinal Metabolomics and Mental Wellness in Breast Cancer Patients.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Seawater mercury species and phytoplankton biomass drive bioaccumulation in a coastal plankton food web.

Chemosphere·2026
Same author

Locally advanced NSCLC: overview of real-world pattern of recurrence in durvalumab era (LEOPARD trial).

Lung cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)·2025
Same author

Receiver design for the REACH global 21-cm signal experiment.

Experimental astronomy·2025
Same author

Water column distribution of zooplanktonic size classes derived from in-situ plankton profilers: Potential use to contextualize contaminant loads in plankton.

Marine pollution bulletin·2023
Same author

Clinical profile and outcome of cardiomyopathies in infants and children seen at a tertiary centre.

International journal of cardiology·2022
Same journal

Correction to: Home dampness and molds and occurrence of respiratory tract infections in the first 27 years of life: the Espoo Cohort Study.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

A SIMPLE AND POWERFUL TEST OF VACCINE WANING.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Association Between maternal body mass index, offspring growth and pubertal timing: results from a longitudinal birth cohort study.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Correction to: Developing a novel algorithm to identify incident and prevalent dementia in Medicare claims-the ARIC Study.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

RE: advancing observational research on arts and health: theory-informed approaches using the RADIANCE framework.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
Same journal

Maternal Cesarean Section and Offspring ASD or ADHD Risk: A Nurses' Health Study II Analysis.

American journal of epidemiology·2026
See all related articles

False positive and negative predictive values in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) testing are highly influenced by infection prevalence and kit quality. Understanding these factors is crucial for accurate HIV screening and result interpretation.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Predictive values of diagnostic tests, unlike sensitivity and specificity, are significantly affected by the prevalence of the condition being tested for.
  • In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) screening, high false positive predictive values (up to 90%) can occur, leading to misclassification of individuals.
  • This necessitates a deeper understanding of factors influencing screening program quality and test result interpretation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the critical issues in current HIV screening practices, including controlling misclassification errors and interpreting test results.
  • To analyze how test results can be used to estimate disease prevalence.
  • To evaluate the informativeness of screening programs using entropy.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of factors influencing the quality of HIV screening programs.
  • Examination of real-world data examples to illustrate practical considerations.
  • Evaluation of the limitations of sequential screening protocols in real-world scenarios.

Main Results:

  • False positive and negative predictive values are heavily dependent on HIV prevalence and diagnostic kit quality.
  • High false positive rates (e.g., 0.9) are possible, impacting the reliability of positive test results.
  • The study highlights the importance of considering prevalence and kit quality in designing effective screening programs.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate interpretation of HIV test results requires understanding the interplay between prevalence, test characteristics, and predictive values.
  • Current HIV screening protocols, including sequential testing, may have practical limitations that need to be addressed.
  • Entropy can serve as a valuable metric for assessing the informativeness of HIV screening strategies.