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Related Experiment Videos

Ingested arsenic, keratoses, and bladder cancer.

J Cuzick1, P Sasieni, S Evans

  • 1Department of Mathematics, Statistics, and Epidemiology, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, England.

American Journal of Epidemiology
|August 15, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Long-term Fowler's solution use, a potassium arsenite treatment, was linked to increased bladder cancer mortality. Subsequent cancer deaths in a subcohort were concentrated in patients exhibiting signs of arsenicism.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Health
  • Oncology
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Fowler's solution (potassium arsenite) was historically used for various medical conditions.
  • Arsenic exposure is a known risk factor for several cancers, particularly skin and bladder cancer.
  • Previous studies suggested a potential link between arsenic exposure and cancer mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term cancer mortality risk in patients treated with Fowler's solution.
  • To determine if signs of arsenicism correlate with increased cancer risk in this cohort.
  • To provide further evidence on the carcinogenicity of inorganic arsenic in humans.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 478 patients treated with Fowler's solution between 1945-1969 was followed for an additional 11 years beyond a previous follow-up.

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  • Cancer mortality data was analyzed and compared to expected rates.
  • A subcohort of 142 patients underwent examination for signs of arsenicism.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant excess of bladder cancer mortality was observed (observed/expected ratio = 5/1.6; p = 0.05).
    • No excess mortality was found for other causes of death.
    • In the subcohort, all 11 subsequent cancer deaths occurred in patients with signs of arsenicism (p = 0.0009).

    Conclusions:

    • Long-term treatment with Fowler's solution is associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer.
    • Clinical signs of arsenicism appear to be a significant indicator of elevated cancer risk within this exposed population.
    • These findings reinforce the carcinogenic potential of inorganic arsenic and the importance of monitoring exposed individuals.