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Systemic lupus erythematosus in men: clinical and immunological characteristics

J Font1, R Cervera, M Navarro

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.

Insights

Men with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) present with distinct clinical features compared to women. While organ involvement is similar, men show unique skin manifestations and less arthritis, indicating gender-associated differences in SLE.

Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is predominantly diagnosed in women.
  • Male SLE patients represent a significant minority, necessitating a deeper understanding of their specific disease characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and delineate the clinical differences in presentation and disease course between male and female patients diagnosed with SLE.
  • To identify gender-specific patterns in SLE manifestations and complications.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 261 SLE patients, with a focus on the 30 male patients.
  • Comparison of initial symptoms, follow-up clinical features, organ involvement, and immunological markers between genders.

Main Results:

  • Men with SLE experienced arthritis less frequently as an initial symptom but showed higher rates of discoid lesions and serositis.
  • During follow-up, men exhibited a lower incidence of arthritis and malar rash but a higher prevalence of other cutaneous complications, including discoid lupus erythematosus and subcutaneous lupus erythematosus.
  • The incidence of major organ involvement (nephropathy, neurological disease, thrombocytopenia, vasculitis) and serositis was comparable between men and women.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical presentation and disease progression in SLE exhibit gender-associated differences.
  • Men with SLE may present with distinct dermatological manifestations and a different pattern of initial symptoms compared to women, despite similar rates of major organ damage.

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