Comparison of immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine between low and normal birth weight infants

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Pediatrics
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Hepatitis B infection poses a significant global health risk.
• Infant vaccination is crucial for preventing chronic hepatitis B infection.
• The immunogenicity of vaccines in low birth weight infants requires careful evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the immunogenicity of the hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B Pasteur) in low birth weight infants versus normal birth weight infants.
• To assess antibody response and seroconversion rates following a standard vaccination schedule.

Main Methods:

• A comparative study involving 50 low birth weight infants and 50 matched controls (normal birth weight).
• Hepatitis B vaccine administered at birth, 1, 2, and 12 months.
• Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HBs antibody levels measured using micro-ELISA at specified time points (birth, 4, 9, and 13 months).

Main Results:

• Both low birth weight and normal birth weight infants demonstrated comparable immunogenicity.
• Geometric mean titres of anti-HBs antibodies were similar between the two groups.
• Seroconversion rates indicated equivalent immune response in both low and normal birth weight infants.

Conclusions:

• The hepatitis B vaccine (Hevac B Pasteur) is equally immunogenic in low birth weight infants as in normal birth weight infants.
• The standard vaccination schedule is effective for inducing protective immunity in all infants, irrespective of birth weight.
• Findings support the routine use of hepatitis B vaccine in low birth weight populations.