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ras and human tumors.

S Rodenhuis1

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Ras oncogene mutations are common in human tumors, particularly K-ras in pancreatic and lung cancers. These mutations can indicate a poor prognosis in certain cancers and may result from chemical carcinogen exposure.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ras oncogenes are frequently activated in human tumors.
  • Specific ras gene mutations (K-ras, N-ras, H-ras) show distinct tissue predilections.
  • Ras mutations are often linked to poor prognosis in specific cancers like lung cancer.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence and clinical significance of ras oncogene mutations in human cancers.
  • To explore the association between ras mutations and specific tumor types.
  • To understand the potential etiological factors, such as chemical carcinogens, contributing to ras mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ras oncogene mutations across various human tumor types.
  • Correlation of mutation status with clinical and biological features.
  • Review of evidence linking environmental factors to ras mutations.

Main Results:

  • K-ras mutations are predominant in pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma.
  • N-ras mutations are frequently observed in acute leukemias and myelodysplastic syndromes.
  • Ras mutations may serve as prognostic markers in lung cancer, childhood lymphoblastic leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes.

Conclusions:

  • Ras oncogene mutations are significant events in human tumorigenesis with varying frequencies and clinical implications across different cancer types.
  • Chemical carcinogen exposure is a suspected major contributor to the development of ras mutations in human cancers.

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