Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...

Bullying

Bullying

A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is bullying.

Blinding

Blinding

Blinding is a commonly used method of not telling participants which treatment a subject is receiving. Blinding is a critical part of a randomized control trial or RCT. It reduces the bias that affects the results. In an RCT, blinding is used in the form of a placebo. A placebo effect occurs when untreated subjects falsely believe they have received the treatment and report improved symptoms. A placebo or a dummy treatment is administered to subjects to negate the bias caused by such an effect.

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...

Color Vision

Color Vision

Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.

Learning Disabilities

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Risk factors for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection in MRSA-colonized patients discharged from a Veterans Affairs hospital.

Epidemiology and infection·2015

Same author

The assessment of bone mineral content and density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur in US submariners.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2014

Same author

Comorbidity of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and chronic fatigue syndrome in an Australian cohort.

Journal of internal medicine·2013

Same author

Weight gain in breast cancer survivors: prevalence, pattern and health consequences.

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity·2010

Same author

Reliability and validity of the Visual Gait Assessment Scale for children with hemiplegic cerebral palsy when used by experienced and inexperienced observers.

Gait & posture·2007

Same author

Identification of a unique epigenetic sub-microenvironment in prostate cancer.

The Journal of pathology·2007

Same journal

A native sulfur deposit in Gale crater, Mars.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Coordinated demise of harmful algal blooms.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Genetic effects put into context.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Bacteria share proteins to survive antibiotics.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Impacts shaped Earth's first continents.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

Same journal

Erratum for the Report "Covalently bonded single-molecule junctions with stable and reversible photoswitched conductivity" by C. Jia <i>et al</i>.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2026

See all related articles

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 29, 2026

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Published on: December 15, 2012

BRIGHTNESS DISCRIMINATION IN THE COLLARED LIZARD.

V VANCE, A M RICHARDSON, R B GOODRICH

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|February 12, 1965

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Collared lizards learned brightness discrimination in 335 trials, showing rat-like choice behavior. However, their latency patterns were atypical, with minimal reduction during learning.

Keywords:

BEHAVIOR, ANIMAL DISCRIMINATION LEARNING EXPERIMENTAL LAB STUDY PHYSIOLOGY, COMPARATIVE REPTILES VISUAL PERCEPTION

More Related Videos

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 29, 2026

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

The Measurement and Treatment of Suppression in Amblyopia

Published on: December 15, 2012

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos

Published on: December 7, 2018

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

An Automated Method for Assessing Visual Acuity in Infants and Toddlers Using an Eye-Tracking System

Published on: March 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Comparative psychology
Animal behavior

Background:

Brightness discrimination is a fundamental visual task.
Understanding lizard cognition offers insights into vertebrate learning.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate brightness discrimination in collared lizards.
To compare lizard learning and choice behavior to rodents.

Main Methods:

Eight collared lizards were trained on a modified Lashley apparatus.
Brightness discrimination task was used to assess learning.

Main Results:

Lizards achieved criterion learning in 335 trials.
Choice platform behavior was comparable to rats.
Latency showed minimal decrement, an atypical pattern.

Conclusions:

Collared lizards demonstrate capacity for brightness discrimination.
Lizard learning patterns, particularly latency, differ from rats.
Further research is needed to understand lizard-specific learning mechanisms.