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Related Experiment Videos

Bone morphogenetic protein 4: a ventralizing factor in early Xenopus development.

L Dale1, G Howes, B M Price

  • 1School of Biochemistry, University of Birmingham, UK.

Development (Cambridge, England)
|June 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Xenopus bone morphogenetic protein 4 (XBMP-4) is a potent mesoderm inducer found early in development. Unlike activin, XBMP-4 preferentially induces ventral mesoderm and dominates activin

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Molecular Embryology
  • Xenopus laevis Research

Background:

  • Mesoderm induction in amphibian embryos is crucial for development.
  • Transforming growth factor type beta (TGF-beta), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and Wnt families are known mesoderm-inducing factors (MIFs).
  • Activins, potent TGF-beta family MIFs, are detected late in Xenopus development, questioning their role as primary inducers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify novel TGF-beta family members with potential mesoderm-inducing activity in Xenopus.
  • To investigate the specific inductive properties and interactions of Xenopus bone morphogenetic protein 4 (XBMP-4).

Main Methods:

  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to clone new TGF-beta family members.
  • Xenopus bone morphogenetic protein 4 (XBMP-4) RNA was injected into Xenopus eggs.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Isolated animal caps were analyzed for mesoderm-specific marker expression.

    • Main Results:

    • XBMP-4 transcripts are present in unfertilized Xenopus eggs.
    • XBMP-4 injection induced mesoderm-specific markers in animal caps.
    • XBMP-4 preferentially induced ventral mesoderm and exhibited dominance over activin, unlike FGF.

    Conclusions:

    • XBMP-4 is an early-acting mesoderm inducer in Xenopus laevis.
    • XBMP-4's dominance over activin may explain its 'ventralizing' effect on embryos.
    • XBMP-4-induced ventralization appears to occur after gastrulation onset, distinct from UV-induced effects.