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Acute thyroid dysfunction (thyroiditis) after therapy with interleukin-2.

R Vassilopoulou-Sellin1, A Sella, F H Dexeus

  • 1Section of Endocrinology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston.

Hormone and Metabolic Research = Hormon- Und Stoffwechselforschung = Hormones Et Metabolisme
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
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Interleukin-2 (IL-2) cancer therapy can cause temporary thyroid issues. Patients may develop transient thyroiditis, leading to initial hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism, which often resolves.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Interferon's thyroid effects are known, but other cytokines' impact is less understood.
  • Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is used in antineoplastic therapy.
  • Thyroid function monitoring during IL-2 treatment is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) on thyroid function.
  • To assess thyroid function changes in patients receiving IL-2 with TNF or alpha-IFN.
  • To identify potential thyroid-related side effects of IL-2 therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Monitored thyroid function in six patients receiving IL-2 plus TNF or alpha-IFN.
  • Assessed serum TSH and thyroxine levels.
  • Measured thyroidal technetium and iodine uptake.

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Main Results:

  • Hyperthyroxinemia with suppressed TSH occurred within four weeks of IL-2 administration.
  • No thyroid isotope uptake was observed during the initial hyperthyroid phase.
  • Primary hypothyroidism developed subsequently, with normal isotope uptake.
  • Thyroiditis was transient, painless, and thyroid enlargement occurred in two patients.

Conclusions:

  • IL-2 administration is associated with transient, subacute, painless thyroiditis.
  • This thyroiditis presents as initial hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism.
  • Further systematic studies are needed to determine the frequency and severity of IL-2-induced thyroiditis.