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Acute exercise and immune function. Relationship between lymphocyte activity and changes in subset counts.

S Shinkai1, S Shore, P N Shek

  • 1Department of Hygiene, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
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Exercise causes significant changes in white blood cell counts and function. While lymphocyte numbers initially rise, they drop post-exercise, with reduced responsiveness and natural killer cell activity observed during recovery.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Exercise significantly impacts immune cell populations and function.
  • Understanding these transient immune changes is crucial for exercise science and health.
  • Leukocyte subset dynamics and their functional capacity during and after exercise require detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biphasic changes in leukocyte subsets during and after prolonged exercise.
  • To assess the functional capacity of lymphocytes, including mitogen responsiveness and natural killer cell activity.
  • To analyze changes in lymphocyte marker antigen density during exercise and recovery.

Main Methods:

  • 21 young males performed 60 minutes of cycling at 60% VO2max.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Blood samples were collected at regular intervals during exercise and for 120 minutes post-exercise.
  • Immunological tests included flow cytometry for leukocyte subsets and functional assays for lymphocyte responsiveness and NK activity.

    • Main Results:

    • Exercise induced granulocytosis, lymphocytosis, and monocytosis during exercise, followed by lymphocytopenia during recovery.
    • All lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD19+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+) initially increased, then decreased below baseline levels post-exercise.
    • Lymphocyte responsiveness to PHA and PWM declined during exercise, while NK activity rose, then fell below baseline during recovery.
    • Reduced expression of CD3, CD4, CD8, and CD19 antigens was observed on circulating lymphocytes during exercise.

    Conclusions:

    • Exercise induces complex, biphasic alterations in leukocyte subsets and their function.
    • Lymphocyte numbers and function are temporarily impaired following prolonged exercise.
    • Changes in antigen expression on mobilized lymphocytes suggest altered cellular states during exercise.