The prognostic significance of vascular invasion in upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma

The prognostic significance of vascular invasion was evaluated in a retrospective series of 30 patients with upper urinary tract cancer who underwent a potentially curative operation. Vascular invasion was found in 11 patients (36.7%). The incidence of vascular invasion was well correlated with tumor grade and stage. The incidence of metastases postoperatively was significantly higher in the patients with (72.7%) than without (21.1%) vascular invasion (p < 0.01). The survival rate of the patients with vascular invasion was significantly lower than in those without vascular invasion (p < 0.005). In multivariate Cox regression analysis the prognostic value of vascular invasion was independent of tumor stage and grade. These results indicate that vascular invasion should predict a more unfavorable outcome in patients with upper urinary tract cancer as an independent morphological indicator.