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Related Experiment Videos

Controlling Stroop effects by manipulating expectations for color words.

J Tzelgov1, A Henik, J Berger

  • 1Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

Memory & Cognition
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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The Stroop effect, once thought uncontrollable, is actually influenced by controlled processing. Increasing color word percentages reduced Stroop interference, suggesting cognitive control over this automatic process.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Information Processing

Background:

  • Automatic processing is characterized by uncontrollability.
  • The Stroop phenomenon is a key example of automatic processing.
  • Previous research suggested the Stroop effect is resistant to manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the Stroop effect can be controlled.
  • To examine the impact of manipulating stimulus proportions on Stroop interference.
  • To determine the locus of cognitive control in the Stroop task.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed the Stroop task with varying percentages of color words and neutral stimuli.
  • Interference, facilitation, and inhibition components of the Stroop effect were measured.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Statistical analyses examined the relationship between stimulus proportion and Stroop effect magnitude.

    • Main Results:

    • Stroop interference significantly decreased as the proportion of color words increased.
    • The inhibitory component of the Stroop effect showed a negative correlation with color word percentage.
    • The facilitatory component remained unaffected by the manipulation of stimulus proportions.

    Conclusions:

    • The Stroop effect is amenable to cognitive control, challenging its status as a purely automatic process.
    • Control over the Stroop effect appears to operate at a postlexical level.
    • Distinct mechanisms likely underlie facilitation and inhibition in the Stroop task, necessitating revised cognitive models.