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Related Experiment Videos

Controlling Stroop effects by manipulating expectations for color words.

J Tzelgov1, A Henik, J Berger

  • 1Department of Behavioral Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.

Memory & Cognition
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

The Stroop effect, once thought uncontrollable, is actually influenced by controlled processing. Increasing color word percentages reduced Stroop interference, suggesting cognitive control over this automatic process.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human Information Processing

Background:

  • Automatic processing is characterized by uncontrollability.
  • The Stroop phenomenon is a key example of automatic processing.
  • Previous research suggested the Stroop effect is resistant to manipulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the Stroop effect can be controlled.
  • To examine the impact of manipulating stimulus proportions on Stroop interference.
  • To determine the locus of cognitive control in the Stroop task.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed the Stroop task with varying percentages of color words and neutral stimuli.
  • Interference, facilitation, and inhibition components of the Stroop effect were measured.

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  • Statistical analyses examined the relationship between stimulus proportion and Stroop effect magnitude.

    • Main Results:

    • Stroop interference significantly decreased as the proportion of color words increased.
    • The inhibitory component of the Stroop effect showed a negative correlation with color word percentage.
    • The facilitatory component remained unaffected by the manipulation of stimulus proportions.

    Conclusions:

    • The Stroop effect is amenable to cognitive control, challenging its status as a purely automatic process.
    • Control over the Stroop effect appears to operate at a postlexical level.
    • Distinct mechanisms likely underlie facilitation and inhibition in the Stroop task, necessitating revised cognitive models.