Diagnosing periapical bone lesions on radiographs by means of texture analysis

Trabecular pattern, the radiographic projection of trabecular bone, is a repeated structure that appears in a dental radiograph. Texture analysis, the computer image analysis of repeated patterns, is a technique that can be used to automate the diagnosis of periapical lesions with the detection of the absence of the texture that corresponds to the trabecular bone. The purpose of this study was to determine whether it is feasible to use texture analysis to identify the presence of the trabecular pattern in radiographs and to detect a periapical bone lesion based on a local absence of this pattern. Thirty-two mandibular periapical films, 16 with and 16 without periapical lesions, were used in this study. Texture analysis was carried out on the digital images of these radiographs. In the 16 films with lesions, they were all correctly identified, and no lesions were found in the 16 films without lesions. This result is based on the a prior knowledge of the user about the localization of the disease. Locating periapical regions without user interaction is a goal for future research.