Perioperative hemodynamic changes in ischemic heart disease patients undergoing dental treatment

Twenty patients with stable ischemic heart disease in functional capacity Class II-IV underwent dental treatment. Scaling was performed in seven patients without local anesthesia. In the remaining 13 patients, pain control for restoration placement was obtained by local anesthesia: in seven patients, the anesthetics contained epinephrine, while in six this drug was omitted. Heart rate, blood pressure, and electrocardiograph were continuously monitored during the dental session. All patients had elevated systolic blood pressure and rate pressure product during treatment. In the patients who received plain local anesthetics only, the elevation in systolic blood and rate pressures was, however, significantly lower than the ischemic threshold. Arrhythmia or ST segment depression of > or = 1 millimeter were not recorded in any of the subjects. In severely compromised ischemic heart disease patients undergoing routine dental procedures of limited chair time, plain local anesthesia seems to be the preferred analgesic modality.