[Ocular manifestations of systemic diseases in birds. Part 2]

Among the representatives of the class aves, ocular lesions may be a particularly strong indicator of systemic disorders. A causative diagnosis of ocular lesions may be vital for the avian patient, not only as a basis for effective therapy of the primary disease, but also for saving the vision, as birds orientate themselves primarily by vision. The following paper presents a synopsis of important ocular disorders in avian patients that are either pathognomonic for certain disorders or, when considered in conjunction with other organic diseases, enable a specific diagnosis. Bacterial and parasitic infections were already described in part 1 of this paper. Part 2 gives outlines of possible viral etiologies and noninfectious diseases.