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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
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Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
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Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

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Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
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Mining activities that disturb sulfide-rich rocks, particularly those containing pyrite (FeS₂), initiate a cascade of geochemical and microbiological processes with serious environmental implications. When exposed to air and water, pyrite undergoes oxidation, releasing sulfate, ultimately forming sulfuric acid and mobilizing heavy metals into surrounding water systems. This phenomenon, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), results in low pH waters laden with toxic elements that threaten aquatic...
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Nanothermite with Meringue-like Morphology: From Loose Powder to Ultra-porous Objects
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Aluminium phosphide poisoning.

S N Khosla1, R Handa, P Khosla

  • 1Medical College & Hospital, Rohtak, Haryana, India.

Tropical Doctor
|October 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aluminium phosphide (AlP) poisoning is a growing concern in India, often presenting with severe symptoms and high mortality. Survivors of this pesticide ingestion typically recover fully without lasting organ damage, as no antidote exists.

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is a widely used grain preservative in the Indian subcontinent.
  • A significant increase in AlP poisoning cases has been observed in India over the past five years.
  • Ingestion of AlP poses a severe health risk due to its toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical features, biochemical profile, and outcomes of aluminium phosphide poisoning.
  • To analyze the mortality rate and identify factors associated with survival and death.
  • To highlight the lack of an effective antidote for AlP poisoning.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study of 92 patients with confirmed aluminium phosphide ingestion.
  • Clinical observation for initial symptoms, progression, and response to treatment.
  • Monitoring of electrocardiographic (ECG) changes and routine serum biochemistry.
  • Assessment of mortality and long-term outcomes in survivors.

Main Results:

  • Common initial symptoms included abdominal pain, vomiting, and restlessness, progressing to altered sensorium and refractory shock.
  • Electrocardiographic abnormalities were frequent and diverse.
  • Severe metabolic acidosis was a consistent finding.
  • The overall mortality rate was high at 49%.

Conclusions:

  • Aluminium phosphide poisoning is a serious medical emergency with a high fatality rate.
  • Despite severe initial presentation, survivors experience complete recovery without residual organ damage.
  • The absence of a specific antidote necessitates supportive care and highlights the need for preventative measures.