Meniscal repair using fibrin sealant and endothelial cell growth factor. An experimental study in dogs

The effect of fibrin sealant and endothelial cell growth factor on the healing of defects of the avascular portion of canine menisci was investigated in 30 menisci of 15 adult mongrel dogs. The defects were treated in one of three ways: Group 1, the defect was left empty; Group 2, the defect was filled with fibrin sealant; and Group 3, the defect was filled with fibrin sealant and endothelial cell growth factor. The healing process was evaluated macroscopically and histologically at intervals of 1, 2, 6, 12, and 24 weeks. The average percentage of each defect that was filled with connective tissue was 5% in Group 1, 76.6% in Group 2, and 89.4% in Group 3. In the early phase of this repair, the extrinsic pannus-like tissue that contained many capillary vessels extended from the meniscosynovial junction into the defect. Subsequently, organized fibrous connective tissue was formed, which had changed to cartilaginous tissue at 12 to 24 weeks. The combination of fibrin sealant and endothelial cell growth factor enhanced the neovascularization and formation of granulation tissue, which accounted for the increased healing level in the avascular portion of the meniscus.