A case-control study of late recurrence of malignant melanoma

Late recurrence of malignant melanoma is uncommon but appears to be a growing problem. It is unclear whether late recurrence has a better prognosis than early recurrence. Since the answer may influence treatment, we compared recurrence sites and subsequent survival in 35 patients with disease-free intervals of 72 to 240 months (median: 127 months) with 35 case-controls who had relapse at 4 to 56 months (median: 26.7 months). The distribution of recurrence sites in early relapse was 66% in regional nodes or soft tissue and 34% in distant soft tissue or viscera. In late relapse, this distribution was 49% in regional nodes or soft tissue and 51% in distant soft tissue or viscera (no significant differences). Median survival for patients with early and late recurrences in regional nodes or soft tissue was 26 and 44 months, respectively (no significant differences); 5-year survival was 27% and 33%, respectively (no significant differences). Median survival was similar for early or late relapse in distant soft tissue or viscera (8 and 10 months, respectively), as was 5-year survival (0% and 6%, respectively). These results suggest that the metastatic pattern and survival after recurrence are similar for patients with early and late recurring melanoma.