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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
09:09

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Published on: August 8, 2017

Nutrition for optimizing breeding herd performance.

F X Aherne1, I H Williams

  • 1Department of Animal Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.

The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice
|November 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Modern sow feeding strategies are crucial for maintaining body condition and reproductive efficiency. Optimizing gilt nutrition and sow feeding during gestation and lactation minimizes weight loss, improving estrus return and pregnancy rates.

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Published on: December 13, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Physiology
  • Swine Nutrition

Background:

  • Modern sows are younger, leaner, and have reduced appetites compared to previous generations.
  • Maintaining sow body condition is critical for reproductive performance and economic viability.
  • Efficient gilt development and sow reproductive cycles directly impact herd profitability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline optimal feeding strategies for gilts and sows throughout their reproductive life.
  • To minimize weight loss and maintain body condition in modern sows.
  • To enhance reproductive efficiency, including estrus return and pregnancy rates.

Main Methods:

  • Selection of gilts at 50-60 kg, fed a 16% protein diet ad libitum until mating at second estrus (115-120 kg).
  • Flushing gilts before mating to increase ovulation rates.
  • Adjusting sow feed intake during gestation and lactation, with emphasis on ad libitum feeding post-farrowing.

Main Results:

  • Gestation requires 75-85% of energy for maintenance; target 20-25 mm backfat at farrowing.
  • Extra feeding in late gestation slightly increases piglet birth weight and preserves sow backfat.
  • Reduced feed intake during lactation leads to excessive weight loss, impacting remating intervals, pregnancy rates, and embryo survival.

Conclusions:

  • Ad libitum feeding from day after farrowing to weaning is essential for lactating sows.
  • Sows require anabolic conditions for approximately 10 days pre-weaning for optimal post-weaning estrus.
  • Post-weaning feeding strategies are critical for improving embryo survival in sows experiencing significant lactation-induced weight loss.