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Phagocytic cell function in recurrent endotoxemia in sheep.

A Seekamp1, A Dwenger, M Weidner

  • 1Unfallchirurgische Klinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Federal Republic of Germany.

Circulatory Shock
|August 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

In recurrent endotoxemia, the reticuloendothelial system (RES) effectively clears toxins, but polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) function remains impaired. This compromised PMNL function may contribute to post-traumatic sepsis complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Sepsis in trauma patients is often linked to impaired phagocytic cell function, including the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL).
  • Previous studies suggested enhanced RES clearance and PMNL decompensation in acute endotoxemia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the function of RES and PMNL in a sheep model of recurrent endotoxemia.
  • To determine if findings from acute endotoxemia models apply to repeated endotoxin exposure.

Main Methods:

  • Sheep received endotoxin (1 microgram/kg) every 12 hours for 5 days.
  • RES clearance was assessed daily by measuring the half-life of Tc99 phytate.
  • PMNL function was evaluated using chemiluminescence (CL) of isolated PMNL and whole blood.

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Main Results:

  • RES clearance, indicated by decreased Tc99 phytate half-life, was significantly enhanced by day 2 and 3 of endotoxin administration.
  • PMNL function showed acute cellular exhaustion after the first endotoxin dose, with subsequent daily attenuation of the response.
  • Despite enhanced RES clearance, PMNL function remained compromised throughout the study.

Conclusions:

  • Recurrent endotoxemia in this model demonstrates sustained RES clearance capacity.
  • Impaired PMNL function persists during recurrent endotoxemia, potentially explaining clinical post-traumatic septic complications.