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Analysis of puberty-accelerating pheromones.

M A Price¹, J G Vandenbergh

¹Department of Zoology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7617.

The Journal of Experimental Zoology

|October 15, 1992

Summary

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Male mouse urine accelerated puberty in female mice upon direct contact, but not through airborne exposure. This suggests route of administration is critical for pheromonal effects on puberty onset.

Area of Science:

Animal behavior
Endocrinology
Mammalian reproduction

Background:

Pheromones are chemical signals that can influence reproductive physiology in mammals.
Previous studies suggest male mouse urine may contain compounds that affect female puberty.
The route of exposure (airborne vs. direct contact) might influence pheromone efficacy.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of specific airborne chemicals and male mouse urine in accelerating puberty in female mice.
To compare the effects of airborne exposure versus direct oro-nasal contact with potential puberty-accelerating compounds.

Main Methods:

Two experiments were conducted using weanling female house mice (ICR strain).
Mice were exposed to either an airborne mixture of isoamylamine and isobutylamine, fresh male mouse urine, or distilled water (control).

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Exposure methods included airborne inhalation and direct oro-nasal contact.

Main Results:

Airborne exposure to the amine mixture or male urine did not accelerate the onset of first estrus.
Direct oro-nasal contact with male mouse urine significantly accelerated puberty, indicated by increased uterine weights.
The amine mixture did not accelerate puberty regardless of exposure route.

Conclusions:

Direct contact with male mouse urine, but not airborne exposure, can accelerate puberty in female mice.
The route of administration is a critical factor in the pheromonal regulation of puberty.
Specific components within male mouse urine likely mediate this puberty-accelerating effect.